Peripheral Khoisan etymology : Query result

Number : 101

Proto-Bushman : *!hoe

Meaning : black

Proto-!Wi : *!hoe

Bushman > !Wi : Bushman > !Wi

Notes : Found only in !Wi.

Number : 102

Proto-Bushman : *!₁ɣu-[a]

Meaning : knee

Khoisan etymology : Khoisan etymology

Proto-Ju : *ɡ!xoa

Bushman > Ju : Bushman > Ju

Proto-Taa : *ɡǀǀxÚ

Bushman > Taa : Bushman > Taa

Proto-!Wi : *ǀǀoe (?)

Bushman > !Wi : Bushman > !Wi

Number : 103

Proto-Bushman : *ǀʔUm / *ǀUm (?)

Meaning : joint, elbow, knee

Proto-Ju : *ɡǀoˤm̥

Bushman > Ju : Bushman > Ju

Proto-Taa : *ǀʔùm

Bushman > Taa : Bushman > Taa

Notes : Correspondences are irregular.

Number : 104

Proto-Bushman : *ɳǀV (?)

Meaning : knee

Proto-!Wi : *ɳǀɔ

Bushman > !Wi : Bushman > !Wi

Notes : An isolated !Wi form.

Number : 105

Proto-Bushman : *ǂhVm- (?)

Meaning : knee, to kneel

Proto-Ju : *ǂhom

Bushman > Ju : Bushman > Ju

ǂHoan : *ǂheme

Bushman > ǂHoan : Bushman > ǂHoan

Notes : Unclear vocalism correspondences.

Number : 106

Proto-Bushman : *!hã

Meaning : to know

Khoisan etymology : Khoisan etymology

Proto-Ju : *!hã

Bushman > Ju : Bushman > Ju

Notes : An isolated NK root (with good CK parallels).

Number : 107

Proto-Bushman : *ǂʔn̥

Meaning : to think

Khoisan etymology : Khoisan etymology

Proto-Ju : *ǂʼŋ

Bushman > Ju : Bushman > Ju

Proto-Taa : *ǂʔán

Bushman > Taa : Bushman > Taa

Proto-!Wi : *ǂ₁ʔäń

Bushman > !Wi : Bushman > !Wi

ǂHoan : *ǂʔan, *ǂʔe

Bushman > ǂHoan : Bushman > ǂHoan

Notes : Irregular preservation of the palatal click (marked as ǂ₁) throughout !Wi means that some of the forms may be later borrowings from CK sources.

Number : 108

Proto-Bushman : *ɳǀǀ₁hai (?)

Meaning : to be able; to know

Proto-Ju : *ɳǂʰi (ʼɳǂ-)

Bushman > Ju : Bushman > Ju

Proto-Taa : *ǀǀa- (?)

Bushman > Taa : Bushman > Taa

Proto-!Wi : *ǀǀxai

Bushman > !Wi : Bushman > !Wi

Notes : Dubious etymology (the SK root is not attested in !Xóõ, so the exact nature of the efflux cannot be established).

Number : 109

Proto-Bushman : *ɡǀuma (?)

Meaning : to know

Proto-Taa : *ɡǀûma

Bushman > Taa : Bushman > Taa

Notes : An isolated Taa root.

Number : 110

Proto-Bushman : *cVʔV (?)

Meaning : to know

ǂHoan : *ciʔa

Bushman > ǂHoan : Bushman > ǂHoan

Notes : A ǂHoan isogloss with dubious phonology (only attested in Traill: 1973). It is not excluded that it is actually the same root as *t́V̰ "to hear" q.v.

Number : 111

Proto-Bushman : *do̰^h-

Meaning : leaf

Khoisan etymology : Khoisan etymology

Proto-Ju : *doˤra

Bushman > Ju : Bushman > Ju

ǂHoan : *ʒ́o̰ba

Bushman > ǂHoan : Bushman > ǂHoan

Number : 112

Proto-Bushman : *ɡ!o̰a (?)

Meaning : leaf

Proto-Ju : *ɡ!oa

Bushman > Ju : Bushman > Ju

Notes : A North-NK isogloss.

Number : 113

Proto-Bushman : *kerV (?)

Meaning : leaves, foliage

Proto-!Wi : *kerV

Bushman > !Wi : Bushman > !Wi

Notes : A !Wi isogloss with dubious phonetics.

Number : 114

Proto-Bushman : *ɳǀabV (?)

Meaning : leaf

Proto-!Wi : *ɳǀabu

Bushman > !Wi : Bushman > !Wi

Notes : An isolated ǀAuni root.

Number : 115

Proto-Bushman : *ɡǀana

Meaning : leaf

Khoisan etymology : Khoisan etymology

Proto-Ju : *ǀãũ^h/*ǀŋ (?)

Bushman > Ju : Bushman > Ju

Proto-Taa : *ɡǀāna

Bushman > Taa : Bushman > Taa

Notes : The Zhu root is dubious (although various permutations of the final segment -VnV are possible); in any case, the SK root has excellent parallels in CK. Contaminations with *ɡǀa̰-[nV/Vn] 'green' are also possible; in fact, it is not excluded that both eventually go back to the same root.

Number : 116

Proto-Bushman : *šhU

Meaning : to sit; to lie

Proto-Ju : *šu

Bushman > Ju : Bushman > Ju

Proto-Taa : *chû

Bushman > Taa : Bushman > Taa

Proto-!Wi : *so

Bushman > !Wi : Bushman > !Wi

Number : 117

Proto-Bushman : *tV

Meaning : to lie

Khoisan etymology : Khoisan etymology

Proto-Taa : *tû

Bushman > Taa : Bushman > Taa

Proto-!Wi : *tV

Bushman > !Wi : Bushman > !Wi

Notes : A SK isogloss. (Cf. PNK *šu 'to lie'?).

Number : 118

Proto-Bushman : *ɡǀu^h (?)

Meaning : to lie (on a mat)

Proto-Taa : *ɡǀū^h

Bushman > Taa : Bushman > Taa

Proto-!Wi : *ǀu

Bushman > !Wi : Bushman > !Wi

Notes : A SK isogloss.

Number : 119

Proto-Bushman : *cʔa

Meaning : to sleep

Proto-Ju : *cʼa

Bushman > Ju : Bushman > Ju

ǂHoan : *ca/*čʔa

Bushman > ǂHoan : Bushman > ǂHoan

Notes : The ǂHoan forms vary irregularly, so the actual initial consonant is unclear. Traill even records a variant with an initial labial click (sic!).

Number : 120

Proto-Bushman : *kxVi

Meaning : liver

Khoisan etymology : Khoisan etymology

Proto-Ju : *čhiŋ₃

Bushman > Ju : Bushman > Ju

ǂHoan : *kui (?)

Bushman > ǂHoan : Bushman > ǂHoan

Notes : Seeing as how external parallels (PCK *kxeĩ) indicate that PNK *čh- is the result of palatalization, it would be tempting to suggest that ǂHoan kui belongs here as well, but the problem is that the only other good example on PPK *k̑^χ- with a ǂHoan parallel ("drink") has an affricate in ǂHoan as well! Needs further investigation.